ByLawyers News and Updates

COVID 19 legal issues

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Dealing with COVID 19 legal issues has been a major challenge for legal practitioners. A great deal of emergency legislation has now been passed in response to the pandemic, both temporary and permanent. While we are beginning to see some of the temporary arrangements introduced by courts, land registries and other authorities ease, there are still many measures in place that continue to affect daily practice.

The By Lawyers publication Dealing with COVID-19 legal issues brings together in one place a collection of up-to-date practical information which is a valuable resource for lawyers. It is available by clicking on the link at the top of the matter plan in every By Lawyers Guide.

The Dealing with COVID-19 legal issues publication continues to be updated and enhanced as the response to the pandemic develops. For instance, the Family Law section of the publication has been recently updated to include information on the updated COVID-19 Hearing Protocol from the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (FCFCOA) to reflect easing restrictions in the ACT, NSW, and VIC.

All By Lawyers publications are updated to reflect permanent changes. By Lawyers will keep practitioners informed of ongoing changes and provide our trademark practical assistance to guide the profession in these difficult times.

Leases – QLD

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By Lawyers Leases – QLD publication has been reviewed and updated to ensure that the commentary and precedents are in line with current law and practice.

Queensland property lawyers and conveyancers will find helpful enhancements resulting from this review, including:

Expanded commentary on: –

  • Agreements/offers to lease.
  • The application of the Retail Shop Leases Act 1994.
  • Personal property securities considerations when acting for a lessor or lessee.
  • Disclosure statements – for new leases, assignments and renewals.
  • Outgoings.
  • Rent review procedures.
  • Options to renew and the form of renewal.
  • Security for performance.

New commentary on –

  • The applicability of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth).
  • A lessor’s disclosure obligations in relation to the leasing of land listed on the Contaminated Land Register.
  • The importance of correctly defining the premises to be leased.
  • Obtaining mortgagee consent to a lease.

New precedents including –

  • Lessee waiver notices pursuant to s 22B of the Retail Shop Leases Act 1994 – New lease and assignment.
  • Heads of agreement for offer to lease – Concise.

These enhancements to the Leases – QLD guide will assist lawyers acting for either a lessor or lessee.

This review is part of By Lawyers continuous commitment to reviewing and enhancing our publications to ensure our subscribers.

Uniform Legal Profession Law – WA

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By Lawyers are preparing for the Legal Profession Uniform Law in Western Australia

Legal Profession Uniform Law (LPUL) is due to commence in Western Australia on 1 July 2022.

By Lawyers guides and precedents will be updated in due course.

Overview

The WA provisions are contained in the Legal Profession Uniform Law Application Bill 2021 (WA) which will replace the Legal Profession Act 2008 and the Law Society Public Purposes Trust Act 1985 on commencement.

Simplified and standardised regulations for WA legal practitioners will align with those in New South Wales and Victoria. The Uniform Law is governed by the Legal Services Council and the office of the Commissioner for Uniform Legal Services Regulation. Each participating jurisdiction has a representative on the council which sets the rules and policy underpinning the Uniform Law. The Commissioner oversees dispute resolution and compliance functions.

The WA Legal Services and Complaints Committee and the Legal Practice Board will continue to carry out complaint and investigation functions, the granting of practising certificates, and professional development.

Costs disclosure and billing under the LPUL

While the Uniform Law makes sweeping changes, those which impact day-to-day practice the most relate to costs disclosure and billing.

Costs disclosure

Written costs disclosure must be given when instructions are taken or as soon as reasonably practical after. It must include the basis on which costs will be calculated and an estimate of the total costs. It must be updated if there is any significant change.

The client must be informed of their rights to negotiate a costs agreement, receive a bill, request an itemised bill, negotiate the billing method and the availability of costs determination.

If a law practice fails to meet its disclosure obligations, then any cost agreement with the client is void and the client is not required to pay the legal costs. The firm cannot commence or maintain any proceedings for recovery of legal costs until they have been assessed, or the dispute is determined by the Legal Practice Board. A contravention can also result in disciplinary action.

Firms must take all reasonable steps to ensure the client has understood and given consent to the proposed conduct of the matter and the proposed costs.

Disclosure obligations vary depending on the estimated costs in a matter. Disclosure is not required if costs are not expected to exceed $750 excluding GST and disbursements. Where costs are not expected to exceed $3000 excluding GST and disbursements, the prescribed uniform standard disclosure form can be used.

Billing under the LPUL

A bill may be lump sum or itemised. A client who receives a lump sum bill may request an itemised bill. The request must be made within 30 days after the date on which the legal costs became payable and must be complied with within 21 days after receiving the request.

If the costs in an itemised bill are higher than the a lump sum bill, the additional costs will only be recoverable where the client was told that the costs in any itemised bill may be higher – and the additional costs are determined to be payable after a costs assessment or binding determination.

Each bill or a covering letter accompanying each bill must be signed by a principal of the firm, or nominate a principal as responsible for the bill.

A law practice must not charge for the preparation or delivery of a bill.

Each bill must include or be accompanied by a written statement setting out the options available to the client in the event of a dispute about the costs and any time limits which may apply.

Interest can be charged on costs unpaid 30 days or more after a complying bill has been given. Interest can only be charged where the bill contains a statement that interest will be payable and the rate chargeable. The maximum rate is prescribed; currently it is 2% above the cash rate target specified by the Reserve Bank of Australia at the time the bill was given.

The billing provisions of the Uniform Law do not apply if the client is a commercial or government authority

Cost assessment procedure

The Uniform Law does not change the procedure for party / party cost assessments in Western Australia. The procedure and form for an assessment of costs is set out at rule 4.7 of the Consolidated Practice Directions of the Supreme Court.

By Lawyers guides:

All WA specific By Lawyers guides will be amended to cover the Legal Profession Uniform Law. So too will the relevant WA commentary and precedents in Federal guides and reference materials.

The main changes will include:

  • New LPUL compliant costs agreements and short form costs disclosure for all WA guides, Federal guides including Family Law, Employment Law, Companies, Trusts, Joint Ventures and Superannuation.
  • Updates to the 101 Costs Answers reference manual, which will also include the LPUL compliant costs agreements.
  • Updates to the ‘Example invoice incorporating notification of client’s rights’ and the stand-alone ‘Notification of client’s rights’ precedents available on all WA and Federal matter plans.
  • Updates to the commentary on professional executor regulations in the Probate and Letters of Administration guides.
  • Updates to the costs section in the Wills commentary including the ‘Conflicts concerning practitioner’s own interests’ section and the ‘Solicitors as executors’ section.
  • Updates to the WA trust accounting section in the By Lawyers Practice Management guide.
  • Updates to 101 Costs Answers.
  • Updates to the ‘Solicitor mortgages’ section in the Mortgages commentary.

Title reform – Conveyancing – NSW

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Title reform – involving the cancellation of certificates of title and other changes to the NSW land titles system – commenced on 11 October 2021. Certificates of title are abolished and the Torrens Register is the single source of truth as to a person’s interest or estate in land. All documents to be registered on the Torrens Register must be lodged by a subscriber, who must verify the identity of the client and establish that they have the right to deal with the land.

These significant changes were introduced in part by the Real Property Amendment (Certificates of Title) Act 2021. The Act provides for the cancellation of certificates of title (CTs) and progression towards 100% electronic lodgment of land transactions.

Title reform  – Cancellation of certificates of title

From 11 October 2021:

  • All certificates of title have been cancelled and will no longer be issued.
  • Existing CTs cannot be required to be produced to have a dealing or plan lodged for registration.
  • Practitioners no longer need to obtain a copy of the CT from their client for a property dealing.
  • Banks are no longer issued with ‘control of the right to deal’ (CoRD) and all recordings relating to CoRD holders have been removed from the Register.
  • Banks can no longer be asked to provide CoRD holder consent in a workspace when a mortgagor wants to lodge a dealing for registration, including a subsequent mortgage.
  • Mortgagee consent still needs to be obtained for the registration of certain dealings.
  • Subscribers are no longer requested to enter the CAC (Certificate Authentication Code) details taken from a CT for consent purposes in the workspace. The concept of the CAC is redundant and is no longer required to be kept securely.
  • Where a subscriber has relied on a CT to establish a right to deal in a transaction conducted before 11 October 2021, the CT or a copy of it must be retained, in line with the requirements for retaining supporting evidence in the NSW Participation Rules.
  • Otherwise, firms holding CTs in safe custody after commencement of this title reform have the following options:
    • seek instructions from each client on what to do with their CT;
    • return all CTs to clients;
    • take a ‘do nothing’ approach.

It is not necessary for firms to stamp a CT as cancelled or mark it in any way if returning it to their client.

Information Notice

From 11 October 2021, in all instances of property ownership, an Information Notice will issue. Details on this notice will include the folio identifier, the dealings registered including registration numbers, the subscriber’s reference and the date of registration. As an Information Notice is not a definitive statement of the state of the Register, a title search will be necessary to acquire accurate title information.

All land dealings must be lodged electronically

From 11 October 2021:

  • Lodging land dealings in paper is no longer permitted. All land dealings are to be lodged with NSW Land Registry Services electronically by a subscriber to an Electronic Lodgment Network such as Sympli or PEXA.
  • The Lodgment Rules specify when out-of-scope electronic dealings can depart from the usual manner of preparing an electronic dealing.
  • Paper dealing prepared before 11 October 2021 can still be lodged with NSW Land Registry Services electronically. They are uploaded as a PDF attachment to the electronic dealing known as ‘Dealing with Exception’. Once lodged, NSW Land Registry Services will examine the paper dealing.

All By Lawyers NSW Conveyancing & Property publications have been updated to reflect these changes.

Expert evidence – Family law – FED

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A new precedent for use when obtaining expert evidence has been added to the Family Law guides.

When the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (FCFCOA) commenced operation on 1 September 2021, it did so with a new set of rules: the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Family Law) Rules 2021 (the Family Law Rules 2021). The rules apply in all family law matters across both divisions of the court.

Part 7.1 of the Family Law Rules 2021 makes provision for expert evidence. Rule 7.13 provides that experts must be given a recent copy of Divisions 7.14, 7.15, and 7.16. These rules cover requirements for instructions to experts, information about disclosure by experts, their duties and obligations, as well as clarification of the requirements for a single expert report.

A new enclosure has been created which conveniently includes all of the rules in these divisions. The enclosure can be given to the expert witness when they are instructed, thereby making it easy for practitioners to comply with the requirements under the rules. This enclosure has been added to these Family Law matter plans – Property settlement, Children and Financial agreements, for use when obtaining expert evidence. There are corresponding precedent letters to experts on each matter plan.

For Property settlement matters, the new precedent enclosure is located in the Going to court folder under If required – Valuer. There is also a Letter to the valuer for single expert valuation.

For Children matters, the new precedent enclosure is located in the Going to court folder under If required – Single expert witness report. There is also a Letter to single expert witness.

For Financial agreements matters, the new precedent enclosure is located in the Enforcement folder under If required – Single expert witness report. There is also a Letter to single expert witness.

The By Lawyers Family law publication is up to date with all of the recent changes to the family law system after the merger of the two courts into the FCFCOA.

Affidavits and exhibits – Supreme Court – VIC

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The way affidavits and exhibits are prepared and filed in the Supreme Court’s Common Law Division and Commercial Court is changing.

From 1 October 2021 the Court will no longer accept affidavits for filing that include multiple exhibits, or which separate the affidavit and any exhibit. Affidavits must be in a single fully text-searchable PDF format file including any bundle exhibit.

Affidavits must be filed as a single, searchable PDF document, with all pages consecutively numbered. This includes the pages of any exhibit – see Exhibits to affidavits and Filing and service of affidavits in the By Lawyers Supreme Court (VIC) commentaries for more information.

There may only be one exhibit to an affidavit, except for confidential affidavits.

Where more than one document is exhibited to an affidavit, the documents must be combined into a single ‘bundle exhibit’, ordered in the sequence they are referred to in the affidavit. The exhibit must be part of the affidavit, in a single fully text-searchable PDF format file, with legible page numbers at the bottom right-hand corner of each page that correspond with the digital display page numbers of the PDF, that commence from the first page of the affidavit to the last page of the bundle exhibit.

See Affidavits and exhibits in the By Lawyers Supreme Court (VIC) publication for more information.

In a separate but related change to procedure, from 1 October 2021 all evidentiary documents filed in proceedings in the Common Law Division and Commercial Court may not be inspected by any non-party until the document has been read or relied upon in open court. This applies to affidavits, exhibits, witness statements, expert reports, written submissions, outlines of argument and chronologies.

See Practice Note SC Gen 20 Inspection of Civil Court Files by Non-Parties and Notice to the Profession (Changes to File Inspections and Affidavits) for more information.

Purchasing off the plan – All states

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To assist practitioners advising clients who are purchasing off the plan, new precedents have been added to the By Lawyers Purchase of Real Property guides in all states.

The two new precedents for practitioners advising potential purchasers are:

  • Initial letter to proposed off the plan purchaser; and
  • Enclosure – Considerations when purchasing off the plan.

The Enclosure is designed to be provided to clients who are considering buying off the plan. It provides plain language information about:

  • What ‘off the plan’ means.
  • The risks of purchasing off the plan.
  • The advantages of purchasing off the plan.

All the pertinent considerations for a client looking at entering into a contract to buy a property off the plan are covered. Importantly, the potential risks are clearly explained, including:

  • Being locked in until the sunset date.
  • Potential for loss if the market deteriorates between the day of sale and the settlement date.
  • Special conditions that operate in the developer’s favour.
  • Possible dissatisfaction with finished product.
  • Changes to the building.
  • Additional legal costs being involved.

Both new precedents can be found in folder A. Getting the matter underway, on each Purchase of Real Property matter plan.

These helpful new precedents were created in response to a request from a By Lawyers subscriber.

Purchasing off the plan – VIC

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To assist practitioners advising clients who are purchasing off the plan, a new precedent has been added to the By Lawyers Purchase of Real Property (Vic) guide.

The Enclosure – Considerations when purchasing off the plan provides a potential purchaser with plain language information about:

  • What ‘off the plan’ means.
  • The risks of purchasing off the plan.
  • The advantages of purchasing off the plan.

The enclosure covers all the pertinent considerations for a purchaser before entering into a contract to purchase an off the plan property. The potential risks are clearly stated, including:

  • Being locked in until the sunset date.
  • Potential for loss if the market deteriorates between the day of sale and the settlement date.
  • Special conditions that operate in the vendor’s favour.
  • Possible dissatisfaction with finished product.
  • Changes to the building.
  • Changes to the owners corporation.
  • Additional legal costs being involved.

A related new precedent ‘Initial letter to proposed off the plan purchaser’ has also been added.

Both new precedents can be found in folder A. Getting the matter underway on the Purchase of Real Property (Vic) matter plan.

This helpful new precedent has been created by our Victorian property author Russell Cocks. It was developed in response to a request from a By Lawyers subscriber.

Drink driving – QLD

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Amendments to drink driving legislation relating to interlock orders and driver education programs commence in Queensland on 10 September 2021.

Interlock program now applies to more drink driving offences

From 10 September 2021 mandatory interlock orders apply upon conviction for any drink driving offence with a BAC of 0.10 or greater. Previously interlock orders only applied to offences with BAC of 0.15 or more.

An interlock device is a breath testing instrument which is connected to the electrical system of a motor vehicle and prevents the engine being started unless the driver passes a breath test. These devices must be installed, by an approved installer at the driver’s expense, if a court order makes it a requirement of being able to obtain a driving licence.

Education programs for drink drivers

From 10 September 2021 conviction for any offence which attracts a mandatory interlock order renders the driver ineligible to obtain a licence for 5 years from the date of their conviction unless they have completed an approved drink driver education program.

First offenders must complete a brief intervention education program (BIEP). Repeat offenders must complete a repeat offender education program (ROEP). These programs are separate to the Queensland Traffic Offenders Program, which is generally completed prior to the offender being sentenced.

Exemptions from completing the required drink driver education programs are available. Applicants must show that requiring them to do the program would be unreasonable or cause severe hardship. However, applications for exemption cannot be made until the end of the applicable licence disqualification period.

Publication updates

The By Lawyers Magistrates Court (QLD) – Traffic Offences guide has been amended accordingly. See Alcohol Ignition Interlock Program in the commentary for more information. The precedent Letter to client finalising the matter and confirming outcome of plea has been amended to incorporate the new provisions.

Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia – FED

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The Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (FCFCOA) commences operation on 1 September 2021.

The FCFCOA is an amalgamation of the former Family Court of Australia and Federal Circuit Court of Australia.

The new court has two divisions:

  • Division 1 is a superior court of record that includes the judges from the former Family Court. It deals with the most complex matters and exercises appellate jurisdiction.
  • Division 2 is a court of record that includes the judges from the former Federal Circuit Court, which is the single point of entry for all family law and child support matters.

There is a common set of forms and rules across the two divisions. The Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Family Law) Rules 2021 (the Family Law Rules 2021) apply in all family law matters, except in Western Australia where the Family Court Rules 2021 (WA) apply. Western Australia also has its own dedicated portal – the eCourts Portal of Western Australia.

They provide for the practice and procedure in both divisions of the FCFCOA except for a few matters such as transfer from Division 2 to Division 1 as set out in the Family Law Rules 2021.

The new court’s website is available: www.fcfcoa.gov.au.

A practice direction deals with Transitional arrangements.

Division 2 of the new court also has a general federal law jurisdiction, like the former Federal Circuit Court.

All By Lawyers Family law publications – Children, Divorce, Financial Agreements, and Property Settlement – are being updated for the commencement of the new court. This includes a full review of the:

  • commentaries, for the new terminology, procedures and hyperlinks to the new rules;
  • matter plans, with a single Going to court folder reflecting the new process; and
  • precedents, to incorporate all necessary changes.

There is a 90 day grace period for using the old forms in the new court. The new court forms will be added to the By Lawyers matter plans as they become available.

By Lawyers always keep our subscribers up to date!

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