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101 Family Law Answers – FED

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The By Lawyers reference manual 101 Family Law Answers has been updated with recent cases in the following sections:

Arbitration in family law

See Palgrove & Palgrove [2020] FCCA 846 at [12]-[29] for a discussion of arbitrability and the court’s jurisdiction to facilitate arbitration.

Injunctions

Dunworth & Falletti [2020] FamCA 178 where the balance of convenience favoured the grant of restraint.

Rahman & Rahman [2020] FamCA 156 where the husband’s appeal failed against an injunction that restrained him from leaving Australia until a lump sum payment was made.

Orders – Variation and the rule in Rice & Asplund

See Findlay & Reis [2020] FCCA 425 for an application to vary a parenting order, which was dismissed in accordance with the principles in Rice & Asplund.

Relocation

Franklyn & Franklyn [2019] FamCAFC 256 where a mother’s unilateral relocation was allowed on appeal, as she was still able to adhere to interim consent orders for the father’s fortnightly contact.

Soulos & Sorbo [2019] FamCAFC 231 where the father’s appeal was allowed to set aside the parenting orders permitting the mother and child to relocate overseas.

Section 75(2) factors – Disparity in financial positions

In Metzer & Metzer [2020] FCCA 119 the wife was unable to establish a 10% likely loss of earnings on the evidence presented. An adjustment of 2% only was made in favour of the wife.

Five factors were listed at [182] that are usually considered when determining residual earning capacity:

  1. physical capacity, including the reasonable restrictions required by reason of injuries;
  2. psychological capacity, taking into account any necessary restrictions, of which there was no evidence in this case;
  3. vocational capacity, for suitable jobs within suitable occupations, including all of her education, training and experience and transferable skills;
  4. labour market, including factors such as the existence of such jobs in the real world labour market which is to be considered, including any barriers to entry and competitiveness including by reason of work history and age; and
  5. earnings, including the likely range of earnings for such available jobs by reference to reliable published labour market statistics or current labour market research information.

 

101 Family Law Answers is a valuable resource for practitioners. It is available as a related guide and in the reference materials folder in all By Lawyers Family Law publications. It provides more detailed information and relevant cases on the various Family Law matter types – Property Settlement, Children, Financial Agreements and Divorce. It also covers some general procedural issues and the enforcement of orders.

Transfer of real property – Family Law – FED

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Often the resolution of Family Law matters requires a transfer of real property between the parties. Transfers pursuant to the Family Law Act 1975 attract transfer duty exemptions or the payment of only nominal duty. Each state and territory has its own process to effect the transfer of real property in the context of relationship breakdowns.

Information has been added to the 101 Family Law Answers reference manual which helpfully sets out the processes for the transfer of real property due to relationship breakdown. The relevant stamp or transfer duty information for each state or territory is also available in 101 Family Law Answers.

The necessary forms for transferring property between parties are accessible from the Property Settlement matter plan. They are located in the Library of real property transfer and duties forms in the Settling it early or Finalising the matter folders.

The process is the same whether the relationship was a marriage or a de facto relationship.

101 Family Law Answers is available as a related guide in all By Lawyers Family Law publications. It provides more detailed information and relevant cases on the various Family Law matter types – Property Settlement, Children, Financial Agreements and Divorce. It also covers some general procedural issues and the enforcement of orders.

Parenting orders and the Coronavirus – FED

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The Chief Justice of the Family Court has issued a comprehensive and helpful bulletin on parenting orders and the Coronavirus.

A key point in the bulletin is His Honour’s call that:

As a first step, and only if it is safe to do so, parties should communicate with each other about their ability to comply with current orders and they should attempt to find a practical solution to these difficulties. These should be considered sensibly and reasonably. Each parent should always consider the safety and best interests of the child, but also appreciate the concerns of the other parent when attempting to reach new or revised arrangements.

His Honour notes that the Courts remain open to assist parties and to provide parents with general guidance. The Family Court’s general Coronavirus arrangements are available on the Court’s website and are being regularly updated.

The most important point regarding Coronavirus and parenting arrangements is that the best interests of the children remains the paramount consideration: s 60CA Family Law Act 1975.

In accordance with their obligations to act in their children’s best interests, parents and carers are expected to comply with Court orders in relation to parenting arrangements, notwithstanding the ‘highly unusual’ current circumstances. This includes facilitating time being spent by the children with each parent or carer pursuant to parenting orders. This is where sense and reason need to be applied by the parties, and where lawyers can play a critical role.

For more information about parenting orders and the Coronavirus, including what the parties should consider and what the Court will consider when making orders, see the commentary on parenting orders in the By Lawyers Family Law – Children Guide.

 

Keep up-to-date with our latest COVID-19 News & Updates

Priority property pools – Family Law – FED

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‘Priority property pools’, where the matrimonial assets are valued at less than $500,000 are the subject of new arrangements in the Federal Circuit Court.

The Brisbane, Parramatta, Adelaide and Melbourne registries of the Federal Circuit Court have implemented a new regime for applications for property and spousal maintenance filed after 1 March 2020. It targets net asset pools of less than $500,000 including superannuation interests – called Priority property pools (‘PPP500’). The new procedure applies where:

  • there are no entities such as a family trust, company, or self-managed superannuation fund that might require valuation or expert investigation; and
  • the case is only financial, not involving other matters such as parenting orders or enforcement.

An Initiating Application is required, along with the PPP500 Financial Summary document. No affidavit or financial statement is required.

Prior to the first court date, the registry will make case management orders. These may include financial disclosure, alternative dispute resolution, valuations, the filing of affidavits in relation to any interim issues and affording procedural fairness to the trustee of any superannuation fund if a split is sought.

The first court date will be before a registrar and will focus on case assessment and preparations for alternative dispute resolution. If required, urgent issues will be referred to a judge.

The alternative dispute resolution that follows will involve either an internal conciliation conference or external mediation. If agreement is reached, orders can be made by the registrar after the conciliation conference, or by submitting orders to the court.

If no agreement is reached, the registrar will check and re-settle the balance sheet and refer the matter to a judge.

The process to this point is intended to take no more than 90 days.

The matter will then proceed before a judge in the traditional manner, with directions for filing of affidavit material and other directions for hearing.

The By Lawyers Property Settlement guide has been updated accordingly.

Family Law guides – FED

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Author review

A full review of the By Lawyers Family Law guides has been conducted to ensure that all content is in line with current law and practice.

This review was conducted by our experienced author Keleigh Robinson, a Family Law Accredited Specialist.

Resulting updates and enhancements to our Family Law guides include:

Children

  • New commentary on Watch list order applications.
  • New tables summarising:
    • Family violence legislation; and
    • Appeals from the Federal Circuit Court and the Family Court.
  • Amendments to the matter plan to cover potential issues, interim and urgent applications in the one section.
  • New example content precedents:
    • Application in a case for substituted service;
    • Affidavit in support of the application in a case for substituted service; and
    • Changing parenting orders by consent.

Property settlement

  • Expanded commentary on Conciliation conferences in the Federal Circuit Court.
  • A new table summarising appeals from the Federal Circuit Court and the Family Court.
  • ‘Going to Court’ sections on the matter plan updated in line with current practice.
  • New example content precedents:
    • Application in a case for substituted service; and
    • Affidavit in support of the application in a case for substituted service.

Financial agreements

  • Expanded commentary on the Court’s power to set aside a financial or termination agreement and Death of a party to a financial agreement.
  • Expanded table comparing financial agreement legislation for marriages and de facto relationships, including de facto relationships in Western Australia.
  • New precedent letters for drafts of the different types of financial agreements.
  • Improved accessibility on the matter plan to real property transfer forms for the different jurisdictions.

Divorce

  • Expanded commentary on:
    • The filing process for same-sex couples;
    • The application and service;
    • Marriage certificates;
    • Separation under the one roof;
    • Reduction of court fees;
    • Substituted service and dispensation of service; and
    • Finalising the divorce.
  • A new table and accompanying notes on property division.
  • A new same sex couples section on the matter plan.
  • Revised service section to reflect current practice.

101 Family Law Answers

  • New cases and commentary on:
    • Urgent and interim spousal maintenance;
    • Interim costs orders;
    • Amending applications, responses and other documents; and
    • Private mediation and lawyer attendance.

Keep up to date with By Lawyers

This review of our Family Law guides is part of By Lawyers commitment to regular updating and enhancement of our publications. With By Lawyers always keeping you up to date you can enjoy practice more.

Setting aside financial agreements – FED

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A recent case on setting aside financial agreements has been added to the By Lawyers 101 Family Law Answers publication.

Section 90K(1) of the Family Law Act 1975 provides for the limited circumstances in which a court will consider setting aside financial agreements entered into by married couples. The equivalent section for de facto couples is s 90UM.

In Frederick & Frederick [2019] FamCAFC 87, the Full Bench of the Family Court set aside a financial agreement on the grounds that there had been a material change in the circumstances relating to the care, welfare and development of a child of the marriage and the applicant would suffer hardship if the agreement were not set aside – s 90K(1)(d).

See 101 Family Law Answers and the By Lawyers Family Law commentary for more information.

Retaining children overseas – Family Law – FED

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Retaining children overseas is now an offence under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth).

Existing offences

Subdivision E of Division 6 of Part VII of the Act provides for the ‘Obligations under parenting orders relating to taking or sending children from Australia’. Sections 65Y and 65Z already provide that it is an offence to take or send a child overseas if there is a parenting order in force, or sought in a live application, unless there is written and authenticated consent of each person in whose favour the order was made or sought, or it was done in accordance with a court order. The penalty for contravention is imprisonment for three years.

As part of the Civil Law and Justice Legislation Amendment Act 2018 subdivision E has been amended, with new sections added that deal with retention of children overseas. These amendments have effect from 26 April 2019. Sections 65Y and 65Z have been renamed and re-organised in the Act, but essentially remain the same. The only addition is an exception described below.

New offences

Under the amendments, any person retaining children overseas now commits an offence pursuant to the new sections 65YA and 65ZAA, unless they are doing so in accordance with authenticated consent in writing, or a court order. This applies whether or not the person originally took or sent the child outside Australia. The penalty for contravention is imprisonment for three years.

Statutory exception

There is one legislative exception to the offences created under subsections 65Y(1), 65Z(1), 65YA(1) and 65ZAA(1). The subsections do not apply if the person who takes, sends, or retains the child outside Australia believes the conduct is necessary to prevent family violence and the conduct is reasonable in the circumstances as the person perceives them. This applies regardless of whether or not the person who takes, sends, or retains the child is or was the party to the proceedings.

Commentary updated

The Children commentary in the By Lawyers Family Law guide has been updated accordingly.

 

Costs disclosure – Increase of legal rates during a matter

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Increase of legal rates during a matter

All By Lawyers Costs Agreements and Client Service Agreements have been updated to include a clause notifying a client that legal rates may increase during the course of a matter requiring a revision of the costs estimate provided. This clause provides for 30 days written notice of any proposed changes to legal rates. While such a clause is not required by Legal Profession legislation concerning costs disclosure requirements, providing such notice on initial costs disclosure is considered best practice.

All of our Guides contain Costs Agreements (Client Service Agreements for QLD Guides) within the folder ‘A. Getting the mater underway’. All of our agreements are compliant with the relevant Legal Profession legislation and are reviewed and updated regularly to ensure compliance.

Amendments to Family Law Act – FED

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Amendments to the Family Law Act commenced 10 March 2019 relating to family violence and cross-examination of parties.

They will apply to cross-examinations occurring on 10 September 2019 and thereafter, regardless of when proceedings were instituted.

The following sections have been added to the Family Law Act 1975:

  • 102NA Mandatory protections for parties in certain cases; and
  • 102NB Court‑ordered protections in other cases.

Section 102NA provides greater protection for parties in circumstances of family violence where there are self-represented parties.

If a party intends to cross-examine the other party, in certain circumstances, they may not do so personally and cross-examination may only be conducted by a legal representative. Those circumstances are:

  1. there is an allegation of family violence between the examining party and the witness party; and
  2. any of the following are satisfied:
    • either party has been convicted of, or is charged with, an offence involving violence, or a threat of violence, to the other party;
    • a family violence order, other than an interim order, applies to both parties;
    • an injunction under s 68B or s 114 for the personal protection of either party is directed against the other party;
    • the court makes an order that the requirements of legal representation for cross-examination are to apply.

If a party intends to cross-examine the other party personally and there are allegations of family violence, the court must ensure that during the cross-examination there are appropriate protections for the party who is the alleged victim of the family violence.

The By Lawyers Children and Property Settlement commentaries have been updated accordingly.

Changes to Family Court Consent Orders kit and eFiling

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Changes to Family Court Consent Orders Kit and eFiling procedures have now taken effect, arising out of the Civil Law and Justice Legislation Amendment Act 2018. These include:

  • Updated information pages in the Application for Consent Orders Kit;
  • References to ‘husband’ and ‘wife’ replaced with ‘party to a marriage’ and/or ‘party to a de facto relationship’; and
  • Updated sectional references in the Family Law Act for superannuation in the Application for Consent Orders form.

The updated kit and form are now available in the By Lawyers Family Law publications.

eFiling

The Court recommends that practitioners use the ‘unguided’ process for uploading Application for Consent Orders forms. This process was introduced as part of the Digital Court Program and makes it easier to upload forms without having to input information twice. The ‘guided’ eFiling process will only remain available until 31 March 2019.

For more information about eFiling and the ‘unguided’ process see the By Lawyers Family Law guide, or visit the Digital Court Program on the Family Court website.

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