ByLawyers News and Updates

Annualised salaries – Employment- FED

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From 1 March 2020, new clauses for annualised salaries commence in 21 modern awards. These have broad coverage, including for white-collar industries, such as the Clerks – Private Sector Award 2010, Legal Services Award 2010 and the Banking, Finance and Insurance Industry Award 2010. The commentary in the By Lawyers Employment law guide has been updated accordingly.

An annualised salaries clauses enables an ‘annualised wage arrangement’ to be made in a modern award. Employers can choose to annualise an employee’s wages over a 12 month period. This means they pay a fixed amount in satisfaction of the modern award requirements. The fixed amount includes all entitlements such as weekly pay, allowances, overtime rates, other penalty rates and annual leave loading.

Not all modern awards contain arrangements for annualised salaries. For those that do, an annualised payment clause applies with some variation depending on the industry.

Annualised salary clauses apply only to full-time employees. However they have no effect where a full‑time employee is being paid standard wages and benefits in accordance with the applicable award. They only apply to an ‘annualised wage arrangement’.

The annualised wage must be no less than the amount the employee would have received under the award for the work performed over the year for which the wage is paid.

When making arrangements for annualised salaries under the applicable modern awards, employers are required to comply with requirements for notification, record keeping and wage reconciliation.

See the By Lawyers Employment law guide for more information on the new clauses, the modern awards to which they apply and the employer requirements.

By Lawyers are committed to always keeping our subscribers up-to-date.

Guardianship – VIC

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Changes to guardianship legislation in Victoria commence on 1 March 2020.

The Guardianship and Administration Act 2019 repeals and replaces the Guardianship and Administration Act 1986 from 1 March 2020.

Described by Attorney-General Jill Hennessy as ‘the biggest changes to Victoria’s guardianship and administration laws in more than 30 years‘, the amendments are aimed at ensuring greater protections for adults with a disability who have impaired capacity to make and participate in decisions that affect their lives.

As a result of the new legislation commentaries in the following By Lawyers Guides have been updated:

  • Probate;
  • Letters of Administration;
  • Wills;
  • Powers and Advance Care Directives;
  • County Court – Acting for the plaintiff and Acting for the defendant;
  • Magistrates Court – Acting for the plaintiff;
  • Supreme Court – Acting for the plaintiff and Acting for the defendant; and
  • Personal Injury.

When announcing the amendments, the Attorney General stated that: ‘The changes reflect a more modern understanding of decision-making capacity and disability, and ensure that a person’s will and preferences are followed where possible and appropriate.’

The updates to our Guides were overseen by our highly experienced author Rossyln Curnow.

By Lawyers are committed to always keeping our subscribers up-to-date.

Family Provision – 101 Succession Answers (NSW)

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Two new cases on Family Provision claims have been added to the By Lawyers Reference manual 101 Succession Answers (NSW).

Affidavits and Disclosure

In Megerditchian v Khatchadourian [2019] NSWSC 1870 the court considered a number of important procedural issues, including the requirement that the plaintiff file an affidavit at the time of filing their summons and the issues relating to the form and evidentiary status of that affidavit. At [159]  the court stated:

… the purpose of the affidavit prescribed by the Practice Note is to identify, in broad terms, the plaintiff’s evidence concerning the factors enumerated in s 60(2) which may bear on the application. It will not necessarily be exhaustive, or all in admissible form, and it may be supplemented by further evidence as the case moves towards hearing.

The court also considered the plaintiff’s duty of disclosure. At [145] the court noted that:

It is well established that, in some circumstances, where a plaintiff in a family provision application fails to make full and proper disclosure of his or her financial position, the Court will refuse the application.

This case has been added to the Affidavits and Disclosure sections under Family Provision claims in 101 Succession Answers (NSW).

Disabled adult child claimant

In Cowap v Cowap [2020] NSWCA 19 the Court of Appeal considered the competing claims on an estate of a disabled adult son, the applicant/respondent, and an elderly widow, the respondent/appellant. The son was in fact a child of the widow’s previous marriage but had been adopted by the deceased.

The court at first instance granted the son provision of $600,000. This meant the widow had to sell the former matrimonial home where she had long resided with the deceased and to which she had significant emotional attachment. The son had ‘severe and permanent disability, including cognitive impairment’ because of which there was strong evidence in support of his need for provision. The widow, to whom the entire estate had been left, also had a strong claim on the estate as it was a long marriage.

The sale of the property allowed the widow to purchase another smaller property and maintain her existing income. The judge at first instance, in granting provision to the son, decided that was an appropriate outcome given the 91-year-old widow would inevitably leave the property in due course in any event.

The Court of Appeal held that the first instance judge had made no error and dismissed the appeal.

Of further interest in this case is that the Court of Appeal refused to admit on the appeal any new evidence of valuation of the property. [35].

This case has been added to the Adult Children section under Family Provision claims in 101 Succession Answers (NSW).

Presumption against bail – WA

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A presumption against bail has been created via recent amendments to the Bail Act 1982 (WA). There is now a presumption against bail for those charged with terrorism offences. This brings WA into line with other states.

The Bail Amendment (Persons Linked to Terrorism) Act 2019 (WA) amends the Bail Act 1982. Its purpose is the implementation of the 2017 Council of Australian Governments agreement for a presumption against bail to apply to persons with links to terrorism. A presumption against bail now applies in WA in relation to certain ‘terrorism offences’ and for ‘persons linked to terrorism’, as newly defined in s 3 of the Bail Act.

A person has links to terrorism for the purposes of the Bail Act if:

  • they are charged with, or have been convicted of, a terrorism offence; or
  • they are subject to an interim control order or confirmed control order made under the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth); or
  • they have been the subject of a confirmed control order within the last 10 years.

It is not necessary for these links to terrorism to have any connection to the charge currently before the court for which bail is being considered.

The amendments commenced on 1 January 2020.

The full commentary in the By Lawyers Criminal Magistrates Court guide for Western Australia has been updated accordingly.

Contract of Sale of Land – VIC

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With the LIV contract not currently available through LEAP, the By Lawyers Contract of Sale of Land is available to all LEAP users until 1 March 2020. Beyond that date it will remain available to LEAP users who have By Lawyers as a companion product to their LEAP subscription. It can also be accessed by non-LEAP users through the By Lawyers website by subscribing to our Victorian Conveyancing Guide, which has many associated benefits such as full access to 1001 Conveyancing Answers.

Adapting to the use of the Russell Cocks authored By Lawyers contract should present few problems as Russell was the principal author of the LIV contracts, including the 2008 version which effectively overhauled the previous contract and established the current format, making the terms of the By Lawyers contract familiar and making numerous improvements.

The By Lawyers Contract of Sale of Land for Victoria was introduced on 1 March 2018 and its use has been increasing steadily among Victorian legal practitioners and conveyancers. The By Lawyers contract removes the need for special conditions other than those covering special circumstances. It has a number of other advances over the LIV contract which further simplify the conveyancing process.

The By Lawyers legal and editorial teams ensure that the contract is immediately brought up to date with any changes in law or practice.

Recent amendments to the By Lawyers Contract of Sale of Land – Parts 1 and 2.

  • The ‘Payments’ section in Part 1 of the By Lawyers Contract of Sale of Land (VIC) has been amended for clarity regarding payment of GST;
  • A new clause has been added to Special Condition 14(f) of Part 2 which attaches a Flight v Booth type test to the purchaser’s ability to end the contract for unsatisfactory pest or building report;
  • The time for settlement has been moved from 3 pm to 4 pm to reflect current practice.

For further information see our previous post Seven reasons to use the By Lawyers contract.

Land tax – VIC

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Land tax Victoria – Absentee owner surcharge

The land tax surcharge where applicable to Victorian property increases from 1.5% to 2% with effect from 1 January 2020.

The By Lawyers  Victorian Conveyancing publications, as well as the Trusts publication, have been updated accordingly.

By Lawyers wish everyone a happy holiday season.

Land tax – NSW

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Land tax NSW – Increases to threshold values

Land tax thresholds are indexed to rise on 1 January each year.

The 2020 threshold combined land value will increase to $734,000 for all liable land. Special trusts and non-concessional companies are excepted.

A marginal tax rate of 1.6% of the aggregate taxable value above the tax-free threshold plus $100 applies.

If the aggregate taxable value exceeds the premium rate threshold of $4,488,000 then $60,164 is payable plus a marginal tax rate of 2% over that amount.

All relevant commentary and precedents in By Lawyers Conveyancing & Property Guides have been updated accordingly.

By Lawyers wish everyone a happy holiday season.

 

Paid parental leave – Fed

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Employment law – Paid parental leave amendments

The Paid Parental Leave Amendment (Work Test) Act 2019 has made the following changes to the ‘work test’ under the Paid Parental Leave Act 2010:

  1. The insertion of s 33(2A) which provides for the work test period for a pregnant woman in an unsafe job. The period begins 13 months immediately before the woman had to cease work if the cessation was due to the hazards connected with her work posing a risk to the pregnancy; and
  2. The permissible break in the work test period provided for in s 36 has increased from 8 weeks to 12 weeks between two working days.

These amendments commence form 1 January 2020.

The By Lawyers Employment Law commentary has been updated accordingly.

By Lawyers wish everyone a happy and safe festive season.

Testamentary discretionary trusts – Foreign person – NSW

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Testamentary discretionary trusts holding residential property – Surcharge duty and land tax

Where a foreign person acquires or holds residential property, duty and land tax surcharge can apply. Foreign person surcharge duty and land tax can also apply to testamentary discretionary trusts where foreign persons are beneficiaries or potential beneficiaries.

The NSW Commissioner of State Revenue issued a ruling in March 2017 allowing exemption of discretionary trusts from surcharge duty and land tax if the trust deed was amended to exclude foreign beneficiaries within six months of the exemption being granted.

The State Revenue Legislation Further Amendment Bill 2019 is currently before the NSW Parliament. If this Bill is passed, the ability to amend a trust deed to avoid the surcharge will be restricted. Once the Bill passes, the exemption is likely to be removed. The second reading speech for the Bill states: ‘the Government considers that the end of 2019 allows sufficient time for any remaining trustees and their advisers to make necessary changes to trust deeds’.

There is two-year period of grace, from the commencement of the proposed new s 104JA of the Duties Act 1997. During that period, the trustee of a testamentary discretionary trust will not be deemed a foreign person if the deceased was not a foreign person, even if the trust does not prevent a foreign person from being a beneficiary of the trust.

In order to avoid the application of surcharge duty and land tax, the By Lawyers wills creating testamentary discretionary trusts and library of testamentary discretionary trust provisions include a clause titled ‘Foreign beneficiaries’ that prohibits the trustee from making trust distributions to, or otherwise benefiting, a foreign person. The clause must also prohibit an amendment that has the effect of including a beneficiary or potential beneficiary who is a foreign person. Where it is intended for a foreign person to benefit under a testamentary discretionary trust, this clause should be appropriately amended or removed when drafting the will.

It is important to review existing testamentary trust provisions arising under a will and consider whether it is necessary to amend to avoid the application of surcharge duty and land tax.

See the commentary in the Wills (NSW) Guide for further details.

Trusts – Foreign person – NSW

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Discretionary trusts – foreign person

Where a foreign person acquires or holds residential property, duty and land tax surcharge can apply. Foreign person surcharge duty and land tax can also apply to discretionary trusts where foreign persons are beneficiaries or potential beneficiaries.

The NSW Commissioner of State Revenue issued a ruling in March 2017 allowing exemption of discretionary trusts from surcharge duty and land tax if the trust deed was amended to exclude foreign beneficiaries within six months of the exemption being granted.

The State Revenue Legislation Further Amendment Bill 2019 is currently before the NSW Parliament. If this Bill is passed, the ability to amend a trust deed to avoid the surcharge will be restricted. Once the Bill passes, the exemption is likely to be removed. The second reading speech for the Bill states: ‘the Government considers that the end of 2019 allows sufficient time for any remaining trustees and their advisers to make necessary changes to trust deeds’.

It is therefore important for trustees to review existing discretionary trust deeds and consider whether they require amendment.

In order to avoid the application of surcharge duty and land tax, discretionary trust deeds must include a clause that prohibits the trustee from making trust distributions to, or otherwise benefiting a foreign person. The deed must also prohibit an amendment that has the effect of allowing the trustee to make distributions to, or to otherwise benefit, a foreign person.

The By Lawyers Discretionary Trust deed precedents and commentary have been amended accordingly. A note has also been added to the ‘Retainer Instructions – Trusts’ precedent, to prompt practitioners to raise this issue with clients when drafting trust deeds.

See the commentary in the By Lawyers Trusts Publication for further details.

 

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