obiter | ByLawyers News and Updates

Guide to Commonwealth offences – All states

By

A new Guide to Commonwealth offences dealt with in state magistrates’ courts has been added to all By Lawyers Criminal publications.

This helpful new commentary and additional precedents will assist practitioners in advising and representing clients charged with offences under the Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) and the Commonwealth Criminal Code.

The new commentary sets out the procedure for summary and indictable Commonwealth charges in state courts, from bail considerations to sentencing.

The possible sentencing options are covered in detail and there is a very useful table of the Commonwealth offences most frequently encountered in state magistrates’ courts.

New precedents include:

  • Example written submissions in support of an application for discharge of an offender without proceeding to conviction; and
  • Letter to client after sentence – providing for various outcomes.

All existing Retainer Instructions for criminal and bail matters in the respective state Criminal Guides have been enhanced to include Commonwealth offences.

The new Guide to Commonwealth offences can be found in the Related Guides drop-down menu of the Legal Guides tab.

Commonwealth offences – All states

By

Commentary on Commonwealth offences dealt with in state magistrates’ courts has been added to all By Lawyers Criminal Guides.

This new commentary and additional precedents will assist practitioners advising and representing clients charged with offences under the Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) and the Commonwealth Criminal Code.

The new commentary sets out the procedure for summary and indictable Commonwealth charges in state courts, from bail considerations to sentencing.

The possible sentencing options are covered in detail and there is a very helpful table of the Commonwealth offences most frequently encountered in state magistrates’ courts.

New precedents include:

  • Example written submissions in support of an application for discharge of an offender without proceeding to conviction; and
  • Letter to client after sentence – providing for various outcomes.

All existing Retainer Instructions for criminal and bail matters have been enhanced to include Commonwealth offences.

The new content can be found in the IF REQUIRED – COMMONWEALTH OFFENCES folder on the matter plan in every By Lawyers Criminal law guide.

 

Presumption against bail – WA

By

A presumption against bail has been created via recent amendments to the Bail Act 1982 (WA). There is now a presumption against bail for those charged with terrorism offences. This brings WA into line with other states.

The Bail Amendment (Persons Linked to Terrorism) Act 2019 (WA) amends the Bail Act 1982. Its purpose is the implementation of the 2017 Council of Australian Governments agreement for a presumption against bail to apply to persons with links to terrorism. A presumption against bail now applies in WA in relation to certain ‘terrorism offences’ and for ‘persons linked to terrorism’, as newly defined in s 3 of the Bail Act.

A person has links to terrorism for the purposes of the Bail Act if:

  • they are charged with, or have been convicted of, a terrorism offence; or
  • they are subject to an interim control order or confirmed control order made under the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth); or
  • they have been the subject of a confirmed control order within the last 10 years.

It is not necessary for these links to terrorism to have any connection to the charge currently before the court for which bail is being considered.

The amendments commenced on 1 January 2020.

The full commentary in the By Lawyers Criminal Magistrates Court guide for Western Australia has been updated accordingly.

Special Hardship Order – Traffic law – QLD

By

Following recent amendments, Queensland drivers who are subject to a Special Hardship Order can no longer accumulate any demerit points. If they do, their licence will be suspended for double their original suspension period.

A Special Hardship Order is available under the Transport Operations (Road Use Management–Driver Licensing) Regulation 2010. An application can be made by a driver whose licence has been suspended. The driver must present the court with affidavit evidence that they meet certain criteria and establishing hardship as a result of the licence suspension. If the order is granted the driver will be able to resume driving but will be subject to the conditions of the order for a period equating to the original suspension period.

Breaching the conditions of a Special Hardship Order attracts a fine of 20 penalty units and automatic disqualification for the remainder of the original suspension period, plus 3 months.

Effective from 1 July 2019, drivers who are subject to a Special Hardship Order will also be unable to accumulate any demerit points.

See the By Lawyers Traffic Law guide for more information.

New criminal precedents- All states

By

By Lawyers have added over 50 new criminal precedents to the matter plans in our Criminal guides for all jurisdictions. These practical and helpful new precedents will save practitioners time and make matter management easier.

The new criminal precedents cover many of the tasks required when acting for a defendant in criminal proceedings, from arrest, attendance at the police station and bail, to court attendance, sentencing and appeals.

As part of this significant enhancement to our Criminal guides, we have introduced a new type of precedent which is particularly useful for criminal practitioners – Attendance notes.  Attendance note precedents are pre-drafted, detailed file notes which both record work usually performed on a matter and act as a reminder of the necessary components of various common tasks.

An extensive selection of new precedent letters have also been added to the appropriate folders in the Criminal matter plans. These letters are designed to assist practitioners:

  • arrange bail for their clients;
  • seek disclosure from the prosecution;
  • gather evidence from the client and their witnesses;
  • arrange for witnesses to attend court;
  • advise clients on their plea; and
  • inform clients of sentencing outcomes.

By Lawyers are always working to improve and expand our content. These new precedents increase the value of our criminal guides for practitioners who advise and represent clients in criminal matters in all states of Australia.

new_criminal_precedents

 

 

 

 

 

Criminal & Traffic Law – Finalisation letters – NSW

By

Enhancements to finalisation letters

The finalisation letters in the By Lawyers Criminal and Traffic Guides (NSW) have been enhanced.

The finalisation letters now cover all sentencing outcomes, including Community Correction Orders.

There are now separate finalisation letters in the Traffic guide for drink driving offences, which include an Interlock order as a sentencing outcome, and for general offences, which do not include the Interlock outcome.

In both guides there is now also a separate letter dealing with deferral of sentence under s 11 Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999.

Feedback regarding By Lawyers content

This enhancement was completed as a response to client feedback. At By Lawyers we love to receive feedback from our subscribers and we really appreciate busy practitioners taking the time to let us know what they need from our content.

We are always available via email: askus@bylawyers.com.au.

For LEAP users with By Lawyers as a companion product, there are two additional ways to provide feedback:

  • When in a LEAP matter, in the top right hand corner of the screen there is a blue question mark icon. Clicking on it reveals a drop-down box for the LEAP Community pages – one of these is ‘Help, support and feedback’. There is also a By Lawyers tab on the LEAP Community page which provides helpful information about using By Lawyers content.
  • When using any precedent in LEAP there is  a ‘Provide Feedback’ button in the ribbon at the top of the document, next to ‘Save to matter as PDF’. This opens to a feedback form, where any issues or suggestions regarding the precedent can be provided. Where such feedback relates to a By Lawyers precedent, LEAP send it on to us and we will always address it promptly, directly with the user.

By Lawyers have often introduced new precedents or enhanced our commentaries as a result of subscriber suggestions. Whenever we see a need for the suggested additions or amendments we are happy to oblige, so as to benefit not only the firm that made the request but all of our other users as well. Sometimes our subscribers will not only identify an issue, such as a new precedent that might be needed, but they will also provide us with the resolution – a precedent they have developed themselves and are happy for us to publish for the assistance of others. The law is, after all, a noble profession and helping each other in a collegiate way is one of the hallmarks of being a lawyer.

Our mission at By Lawyers is to help our subscribers enjoy practice more. Responding to feedback is one of the ways we do it.

Judicial registrars in the Magistrates’ Court – VIC

By

Some recent legislative amendments have expanded the categories of criminal offences which can be dealt with by judicial registrars in the Magistrates’ Court of Victoria.

The offence of Improper Use of a Motor Vehicle has now been added to the list of offences which can be dealt with by a judicial registrar rather than a magistrate.

All traffic offences commence in the Magistrates Court and most traffic offences remain there, as only a relatively few traffic offences such as culpable driving and dangerous driving causing death are serious enough to be dealt with on indictment.

Some criminal offences, including some traffic offences can be dealt with in the Magistrates’ Court by a judicial registrar – see Rule 6(ea) of the Magistrates’ Court (Judicial Registrars) Rules 2015 for a full list of these. This now includes Improper Use of a Motor Vehicle. One of the ways in which that offence can be committed is to drive a motor vehicle in a manner which causes the motor vehicle to undergo loss of traction by one or more of the motor vehicle’s wheels. The maximum penalty for the offence is 5 penalty units.

The Full Commentary in the By Lawyers Victorian Magistrates’ Court – Criminal publication has been updated accordingly.

The commentary also includes, in the Overview, an explanation of the nature and value of ‘penalty units’.

Domestic violence amendments – SA

By

Some of the domestic violence amendments under the Statutes Amendment (Domestic Violence) Act 2018 have now commenced. The act makes a number of changes to domestic violence provisions, most of which commenced on 31 January 2019.

Amendments that commenced on 31 January 2019 include:

  • additions to the definition of ‘abuse’ in s 8 of the Intervention Orders (Prevention of Abuse) Act 2009 to include forcing a person to marry another person, preventing a person from entering the person’s place of residence and taking an invasive image (within the meaning of Part 5A of the Summary Offences Act 1953) of a person and threatening to distribute the image without the person’s consent;
  • increased penalties for breaching an intervention order, where a breach is a ‘second or subsequent’ offence, which generally means offences within 5 years of each other, AND the breach involves physical violence or the threat of it, then the maximum penalty is $20,000 and 4 years imprisonment (whereas the maximum penalty for a first offence is $1250 and 2 years imprisonment);
  • s 10A(d) of the Bail Act 1985 has been amended to classify certain domestic violence offences as ‘aggravated offences’ in  relation to which there is a presumption against bail;
  • new s 20A—Choking, suffocation or strangulation in a domestic setting has been added to the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935. This offence provides that a person who is, or has been, in a relationship with another person and chokes, suffocates or strangles that other person, without that other person’s consent, is guilty of an offence, the maximum penalty for which is imprisonment for 7 years.

Amendments yet to commence include:

  • where police are seeking to urgently vary an existing final order the court may now conduct a preliminary hearing in the absence of the defendant and may take evidence by telephone or such other means as the court determines appropriate and the rules of court allow;
  • where an Intervention order is sought by police, the applicant and anyone else for whose protection the order is sought, may give their evidence in the proceedings by recording and may only be cross-examined about that evidence if the court permits it.

These provisions are suspended until proclaimed, commencing on 6 December 2020 at the latest.

The commentaries in the By Lawyers Criminal SA and Intervention Orders SA guides have been updated accordingly.

Access to criminal case information – WA

By

There is now a greater public right of access to criminal case information in the WA Magistrates Court. Practitioners acting for accused persons in the WA Magistrates Court should be aware – and, where appropriate, advise their clients – that an amendment to the Magistrates Court (General) Rules 2005 (new rule 40) now allows any person to request from the court the following information relating to a particular case:

  1. the charge;
  2. any conviction or order made in respect of the charge; and
  3. any penalty imposed on the accused in relation to the charge.

However, this rule is expressly subject to the non-publication provisions of s 171 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2004. In appropriate circumstances, consideration should be given to seeking a non-publication order under s 171(4) to avoid the effect of this rule.

Also, this rule does not allow anyone to generally access the accused’s criminal history other than the outcome of the specific case.

The commentary in the By Lawyers Criminal Magistrates Court (WA) guide has been updated accordingly.

Apprehended violence orders amendments- NSW

By

On 1 December 2018 a number of provisions strengthening apprehended violence orders in NSW commenced:

  1. a new ‘without consent’ version of the s 37 Crimes Act 1900 offence of choking, suffocation and strangulation, created specifically for the domestic violence context by the Crimes Legislation Amendment Act 2018;
  2. provisions in the Crimes (Domestic and Personal Violence) Amendment Act 2018 making it clear that stalking and intimidation can be by internet or other such electronic means;
  3. new Crimes Legislation Amendment (Victims) Act 2018 provisions providing that proceedings for apprehended violence orders will be held in a closed court if they involve any person under the age of 18 years, with such persons entitled to have a support person present.

The By Lawyers Apprehended Violence Orders (NSW) guide has been updated accordingly.

Further, commencing 17 December, certain provisions of the Justice Legislation Amendment Act (No 3) 2018 mean that an apprehended domestic violence order can be made against a paid carer for the protection of a dependant, but not against a dependant for the protection of the paid carer.

There are also amendments pending proclamation in the Crimes Legislation Amendment Act 2018 which change the default duration of apprehended domestic violence orders.

The By Lawyers Apprehended Violence Orders (NSW) guide will be updated when these further amending provisions commence.

Connect with us