ByLawyers News and Updates

1 July updates – All states

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1 July updates are a big focus for By Lawyers. This is because many Commonwealth and state legislative instruments provide for the scheduled indexing of relevant monetary amounts and for adjustments – usually increases – in government fees and charges. Those regular updates occur every year and have an impact on many different areas of law and therefore on numerous By Lawyers publications.

These updates can include court filing fees, lodgement fees for property dealings, land tax thresholds, minimum weekly compensation amounts for Workers Compensation, and penalty units for fines for various criminal offences and civil penalty provisions.

By Lawyers always monitor and action these changes for our subscribers. Each year we ensure that our publications are amended where necessary to reflect 1 July updates.

We also monitor and update for similar legislative indexing and increases which occur regularly at other times of the year. These include 1 January changes and also other specific dates for various areas of law as prescribed by some statutes.

The 1 July updates have been applied this year, or are in the process of being applied as they get released, to the following By Lawyers publications:

  • Conveyancing and Property;
  • Business and Franchise;
  • Criminal;
  • Litigation;
  • Estates;
  • Injuries; and
  • Employment.

Quite separately, there is also usually a raft of new and amending legislation, from both Commonwealth and state parliaments, which is set to commence on 1 July. This year is no different in that regard. By Lawyers have made various substantive amendments to a number of publications to account for the commencement of such legislation. Please see the various other Obiter posts dealing with those updates.

By Lawyers always keep our content – and our subscribers – up to date!

Defamation reforms – All states

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The By Lawyers Defamation and protecting reputation guide has been substantially reviewed and updated. This review is related to the current and imminent defamation reforms to the various laws around the country.

Practitioners may be aware of the long-heralded and substantial reforms to the uniform defamation law, following approval at COAG in 2020. As the uniform law is not Commonwealth legislation, but depends on the various state and territory Defamation Acts, implementing the reforms requires each state to pass amendments to its own Act.

So far only some states have passed their legislation, with some including NSW, VIC, QLD, SA and ACT to commence from 1 July 2021. The other states and territories are expected to follow soon. However, the result is that for the first time since 2005 – and for an indeterminate but hopefully brief period – Australia does not have uniform defamation laws. Rather, there are different laws in different states.

The By Lawyers Defamation and protecting reputation publication is being updated on an interim and graduated basis for these amendments. The publication will be finally updated when the defamation reforms become law in all states and territories.

The key aspects of the current amendments are:

  • a new ‘serious harm’ requirement;
  • new defences, including a new ‘public interest’ defence;
  • amendments to the way some damages for reputational harm are capped;
  • new limitation periods taking account of the fact content remains online for years.

There is also a second round of defamation reform currently under consideration. The main focus of these reforms is the liability of social media companies for defamation. Further updates to the By Lawyers Defamation and protecting reputation publication will occur when the proposed reforms are enacted.

As a precursor to these reforms, By Lawyers has been working with our author Peter Breen to revise and streamline our publication. Users will find that the matter plan now provides the usual, practical By Lawyers guidance to conducting a matter, with the relevant commentary, precedents and example content in sequential order. The commentary is adapted from Peter’s book Defamation and protecting reputation which is reproduced in its entirety in the ‘Reference materials’ folder on the matter plan in the By Lawyers guide.

The detail of the current reforms is explained in the publication.

Automated wills – All states

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As part of By Lawyers continual commitment to enhancement, the By Lawyers Wills publications in each state now feature more automated wills, particularly for LEAP users. There is improved automation in all wills precedents – Individual wills, Wills for couples and Wills creating testamentary discretionary trusts.

The wills precedents are available in folder ‘C. The Will’ on the matter plans in By Lawyers Wills publications in each state.

Fields have been added to the bequest clauses in all wills. This allows users to populate the precedents with any information they have  completed in the ‘Bequest’ table type in a LEAP wills matter. This applies for each beneficiary added to a LEAP matter:

The bequest clause in all automated wills now provides for up to four beneficiaries. The clauses will now automatically include information based on whether a sum, a gift, or a sum AND a gift, have been completed in the table type for the LEAP matter:

LEAP users can select ‘Is primary beneficiary’, which will add the beneficiary to the residue clause:

Introduction of the LEAP for Word add-in allows LEAP users to also complete additional information in a will. This functionality prompts the will-drafter for such input as the person to whom the testator wishes to bequeath their residuary estate:

For further information on using the LEAP for Word add-in, see the helpful article ‘Working with By Lawyers precedents’ available in Folder A. Getting the matter underway, on the matter plans in all By Lawyers publications.

Please do not hesitate to contact By Lawyers with any questions of feedback on these enhancements: askus@bylawyers.com.au

Anti-money laundering – All states

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Anti-money laundering policy

Commentary on the importance of law firms having an anti-money laundering policy has been added to the By Lawyers Practice Management guide. This new section of commentary assists firms to deal with the risk of money laundering and suggests procedures that can be adopted to reduce those risks.

This new commentary contains links to the Anti-Money Laundering Guide for Legal Practitioners published by the Law Council of Australia. There are also links to helpful guidance materials published by the various state Law Societies.

By Lawyers Practice Management guide

The Practice Management guide provides assistance for all firms, whether start-up, breakaway, or well established. It covers the following main areas:

  • How to perform a Legal Practice Health Diagnostic Check – a very useful tool for identifying existing strengths and areas where the firm can improve, or as a check-list for start ups.
  • Business planning for a law firm – including a SWOT analysis and environmental scan.
  • Ethics and professional responsibility – crucial to establishing and maintaining reputation and managing risk.
  • The solicitor/client relationship – how to value and manage client relationships.
  • The essentials of managing the work performed by law firms including, matter and data management, financial management and trust accounting.

The publication also contains many helpful precedents, such as:

  • Example costs disclosures.
  • Example invoices.
  • An example mission statement for a law firm.
  • A risk management plan.
  • Employment forms – including an application for employment and a new employee check-list.
  • An example asset register.
  • Forms for conducting file reviews.
  • Document safe custody records.
  • An example law firm client satisfaction survey.

Intervention orders – SA

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The By Lawyers Intervention Orders commentary has been reviewed and updated by our author to ensure all content is in line with current law and practice. As part of this regular review process, the following enhancements have been made:

  • Expanded coverage on applications to vary or revoke orders, and the typical procedure involved.
  • New content added regarding the Women’s Domestic Violence Court Assistance Service.
  • Updates to coverage of penalties for contravention of interim or final intervention orders.

Women’s Domestic Violence Court Assistance Service

This service provides pro-bono, specialised assistance to women who need to apply for a private intervention order, to vary a confirmed order, or to end a tenancy agreement due to domestic violence.

Applications to vary or revoke orders

A defendant may apply to have an intervention order varied or revoked only after 12 months have passed since the confirmation of the order, or such longer dated as fixed by the court.

The protected person may make an application to vary or revoke the order at any time. They should expect to be questioned by a magistrate at length on the reasons for the application. If the police are involved they are most likely to oppose such an application, particularly where there has been no apparent change in the parties’ circumstances since the order was made.

Breaches

As the commentary in the Intervention Orders commentary notes:

Breaches of an intervention order will be taken seriously. It does not matter if the protected person says that they consent to the breach, or even actively encourages it. Gaol terms and loss of the presumption in favour of bail is a real possibility for a defendant who breaches an intervention order. 

When acting for clients charged with a breach of an intervention order, subscribers will be assisted by the related By Lawyers guide Criminal – Magistrates Court (SA).

Conveyancing To do lists – All states

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The By Lawyers Conveyancing To do lists have been enhanced. As a result of recent feedback from a subscriber, space has been added next to the checkboxes in the Sale of Real Property and Purchase of Real Property guides. This extra space can be used to enter the date that a task has been completed, or any other note relevant to that particular aspect of the matter’s progression.

This small but important enhancement to the utility of these popular precedents will be extended to other guides in due course.

To do lists precedents are available in most By Lawyers guides. They reside within Folder A. Getting the matter underway on the matter plans and are an essential matter and risk management tool.

The Conveyancing To do lists chronologically set out the usual steps to be completed in a sale or purchase matter and allow team members working on the file to tick off each step as the matter progresses. This ensures that nothing important is missed. It also assists with seamless continuity when multiple people are working on a matter. These documents can be of particular assistance to team members who are unfamiliar with a particular area of law, or when assigning a task to more junior staff and assessing their progress or providing training.

To do lists can be printed out and attached to the file for manual completion, or ‘pinned’ to the top of the LEAP matter and competed electronically.

In order to pin a To do list to the top of the correspondence window in a LEAP matter, simply right-click on the precedent after it has been saved into the matter and select ‘Pin to top’. It will then stay at the very top of all correspondence in the matter as a handy reminder and reference tool.

By Lawyers love feedback from subscribers! If you have a suggestion or request, please don’t hesitate to get in contact: askus@bylawyers.com.au.

Costs agreements – All states

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Enhanced automation of Costs agreements for LEAP users

As part of By Lawyers ongoing objective to provide seamless and intuitive entry of information in our precedents, the automation of all Costs agreements has been enhanced.

With the use of the ‘LEAP for Word’ add-in and the creation of new LEAP fields, the By Lawyers Costs agreements precedents now offer LEAP users the following features:

New Questions – LEAP for Word add-in

Intuitive questions for inserting applicable fee scale, fixed fee and initial amount to be held in trust. The questions appear in the LEAP for Word panel:

 

Simply complete the required information and click the ‘Update Document’ button for this information to populate in the correct location:

 

For further information on using the LEAP for Word add-in, see the document ‘Working with By Lawyers precedents’ available in Folder A on all By Lawyers Guides.

Hourly rates – New LEAP fields

When charging professional fees on an hourly rate, the rates for relevant staff members now populates automatically from the ‘Rates’ information completed for each staff member in the ‘Staff Members’ section of your firm setting:

Disbursements – New LEAP fields

The ‘Disbursements’ section now populates from the information completed in the ‘Disbursements’ tab within ‘Firm Details’:

 

Estimate of total professional fees and disbursements – New LEAP fields

The ‘Estimate of total professional fees and disbursements’ section now populates from the information completed in the ‘Accounting’ tab within ‘Matter details’ in each matter:

Please do not hesitate to get in touch if you have any questions: askus@bylawyers.com.au.

Small business clients – FED

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A folder of new precedents for clients who are commencing or operating small businesses has been added to all Purchase of Business, Companies and Partnerships guides.

The new library of precedents provides a suite of documents which practitioners can provide to their clients who own and operate small businesses, to assist them with the day-to-day running of their businesses. These documents can be provided to clients both when they are setting up or purchasing a new business and when required for existing businesses. The documents are general in nature so they can be customised and amended as required for the needs of different clients. The precedents are designed to apply across various sectors, whether traditional storefront retail or online and whether supplying products or services.

The helpful new precedents available in the folder include:

  • Website terms of use – multiple precedents catering for different types of small business;
  • Example tax invoice;
  • Credit application form;
  • Liability waiver and consent form; and
  • Returns and refunds policy.

Subscribers will find the new ‘If Required – Library of precedents for small business clients’ folder located in:

  • Purchase of Business matter plan for each state – in the Reference materials folder;
  • Companies matter plan – in folder D. Running a company; and
  • Partnerships matter plan – in folder B. Establishing a partnership.

This practical material was added to these existing By Lawyers publications in response to requests and suggestions from By Lawyers subscribers. The precedents provide practitioners with additional tools so they can better assist their clients with all aspects of their businesses.

Casual employment – FED

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Recent amendments to the Fair Work Act

There is a new statutory definition of ‘casual employee’ from 27 March 2021. There is also an expanded statutory pathway for regular casual employees to convert their employment status to full time. Employers now have an obligation to offer permanent employment in certain circumstances.

Some relief has been granted to employers for underpayment claims from employees incorrectly classified as casual. This addresses instances of ‘double dipping’.

The Fair Work Amendment (Supporting Australia’s Jobs and Economic Recovery) Act 2021 has introduced significant amendments to the Fair Work Act 2009 including:

Statutory definition

Section 15A provides that a person is a casual employee if they have been offered and have accepted employment on the basis that the employer gave ‘no firm advance commitment to continuing and indefinite work according to an agreed pattern…’.

Conversion to permanent employment

Additionally, for casual employees who fall outside the modern award framework there is a statutory obligation for employers to offer conversion to full or part-time employment, unless there are reasonable business grounds not to do so. This does not apply to small business employers.

Casual Employment Information Statement

Employers must provide casual employees with a Casual Employment Information Statement, before, or as soon as practicable after, they start their employment. This is additional to the Fair Work Information Statement.

Off-setting casual loading to prevent ‘double-dipping’

Employers are provided with relief for underpayment claims from employees incorrectly classified as casual.

Regular casual employee

The previous definition of ‘long term casual’ is replaced with ‘regular casual employee’. The definition relates to the element of employment on a regular and systematic basis, but without any specific time requirement.

By Lawyers keeps you up to date

For further details see the By Lawyers Employment Law publication which has been updated accordingly.

Family law cases – FED

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A number of recent family law cases have been added to 101 Family Law Answers.

These new family law cases are located in the following sections of this helpful reference manual:

Costs orders

For a discussion of interim lump sum payments see Russo and Russo & Ors [2020] FCWA 182 at [61]-[66].

Settlement offers

In Paradin & Paradin [2020] FamCAFC 245 an order that the husband pay the wife’s costs was set aside. The husband had rejected the wife’s Calderbank offer because it was ambiguous and was not specific as to breakdown of payments. Strickland J stated at [57]:

… I am reminded … of what the Full Court said in Pennisi, namely, it is critical to consider the context in which an offer is made … And, as was said by the Full Court in Cross & Beaumont [2008] FamCAFC 68 … at [51] that context can be that ‘[i]f the recipient of the offer is demonstrably unable to comply with his or her obligations under the proposed settlement, it is difficult to see how the offer could be relied upon in support of an application for costs’.

Contributions – Conduct and family violence

Benson & Drury [2020] FamCAFC 303 saw the Full Court dismiss an appeal by the de facto husband against a 5% adjustment in the de facto wife’s favour. The adjustment had been made due to the impact of family violence upon her contributions, based on the arguments raised in Kennon. However, the Full Court stated that the primary judge was in error for not considering the Kennon argument in a holistic way. At [35] they stated:

…The contributions which have been made significantly more arduous have to be weighed along with all other contributions by each of the parties, whether financial or non-financial, direct or indirect to the acquisition, conservation and improvement of property and in the role of homemaker and parent. All contributions must be weighed collectively and so it is an error to segment or compartmentalise the various contributions and weigh one against the remainder.

101 Family Law Answers is available as a related guide and also in the reference materials folder in all By Lawyers Family Law publications. It provides more detailed information and relevant family law cases. It is separated into the various Family Law matter types – Property Settlement, Children, Financial Agreements and Divorce. It also covers general procedural issues and the enforcement of orders.

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