ByLawyers News and Updates

Children – Family Law – FED

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The By Lawyers Family Law Children publication has been reviewed. Resulting updates and enhancements to the commentary and precedents include:

  • Parenting Orders commentary re-ordered and streamlined, with consequent amendments to the matter plan and new section on applications by ‘Other persons’.
  • Transfer of less frequently used forms and precedents into ‘If required’ folders, for example, subpoenas.
  • A new top-level folder on the matter plan dedicated to the final hearing.
  • New commentary on Undertakings.
  • Restructure of the enforcement/contravention section of the matter plan into Dealing with breaches of orders with detailed commentary on both applications.
  • Updated case summaries in 101 Family Law Answers for binding child support agreements, applications by grandparents, and the variation of parenting orders.

This review is part of our current preparation for the commencement of the new court structure. Practitioners will be aware that the Commonwealth parliament has passed the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia Act 2021 and the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Act 2021, commencing 1 September at the latest. The new Acts create an amalgamated Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (FCFCA) with two divisions. The FCFCA will be the single point of entry for family law and child support cases.

The new court will continue to have a statutory obligation to protect the rights of children, promote their welfare, and protect them from family violence.

All four of the By Lawyers Family Law publications – Children, Property Settlement, Financial Agreements, and Divorce – will be revised and updated as required when the new court commences. Going forward, relevant decisions of the FCFCA will also be added to 101 Family Law Answers as they are published.

Family law cases – FED

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A number of recent family law cases have been added to 101 Family Law Answers.

These new family law cases are located in the following sections of this helpful reference manual:

Costs orders

For a discussion of interim lump sum payments see Russo and Russo & Ors [2020] FCWA 182 at [61]-[66].

Settlement offers

In Paradin & Paradin [2020] FamCAFC 245 an order that the husband pay the wife’s costs was set aside. The husband had rejected the wife’s Calderbank offer because it was ambiguous and was not specific as to breakdown of payments. Strickland J stated at [57]:

… I am reminded … of what the Full Court said in Pennisi, namely, it is critical to consider the context in which an offer is made … And, as was said by the Full Court in Cross & Beaumont [2008] FamCAFC 68 … at [51] that context can be that ‘[i]f the recipient of the offer is demonstrably unable to comply with his or her obligations under the proposed settlement, it is difficult to see how the offer could be relied upon in support of an application for costs’.

Contributions – Conduct and family violence

Benson & Drury [2020] FamCAFC 303 saw the Full Court dismiss an appeal by the de facto husband against a 5% adjustment in the de facto wife’s favour. The adjustment had been made due to the impact of family violence upon her contributions, based on the arguments raised in Kennon. However, the Full Court stated that the primary judge was in error for not considering the Kennon argument in a holistic way. At [35] they stated:

…The contributions which have been made significantly more arduous have to be weighed along with all other contributions by each of the parties, whether financial or non-financial, direct or indirect to the acquisition, conservation and improvement of property and in the role of homemaker and parent. All contributions must be weighed collectively and so it is an error to segment or compartmentalise the various contributions and weigh one against the remainder.

101 Family Law Answers is available as a related guide and also in the reference materials folder in all By Lawyers Family Law publications. It provides more detailed information and relevant family law cases. It is separated into the various Family Law matter types – Property Settlement, Children, Financial Agreements and Divorce. It also covers general procedural issues and the enforcement of orders.

The Lighthouse Project – FED

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The Lighthouse Project is a new family-violence and risk screening initiative that will run in both the Family Court and the Federal Circuit Court for parenting matters. The legislative framework is provided by the recent Family Law Amendment (Risk Screening Protections) Act 2020.

The project will be initially available in the Adelaide, Brisbane and Parramatta registries of the courts. It is scheduled to commence before the end of 2020.

The Lighthouse Project includes:

  • early risk screening through a secure online platform;
  • early identification and management of safety concerns; and
  • assessment and triage of cases by a specialised team, who will provide resources and safe and suitable case management.

All cases identified as high-risk following the screening process will be referred to a dedicated list in the court. The specialist list will be known as the Evatt List. This will be a judge-managed list which will focus on early information gathering and intervention through a judge-led, dedicated support team in appropriate cases.

Both courts have a dedicated page on their websites with information about the Lighthouse Project.

The By Lawyers Family Law Children publication has been updated accordingly. Information on The Lighthouse Project has been included under Pre-Action procedures in the full commentary and on the matter plan. Practitioners are also reminded of the related information on family violence and cross-examination of parties, in the Going to court folders.

101 Family Law Answers – FED

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The By Lawyers reference manual 101 Family Law Answers has been updated with recent cases in the following sections:

Arbitration in family law

See Palgrove & Palgrove [2020] FCCA 846 at [12]-[29] for a discussion of arbitrability and the court’s jurisdiction to facilitate arbitration.

Injunctions

Dunworth & Falletti [2020] FamCA 178 where the balance of convenience favoured the grant of restraint.

Rahman & Rahman [2020] FamCA 156 where the husband’s appeal failed against an injunction that restrained him from leaving Australia until a lump sum payment was made.

Orders – Variation and the rule in Rice & Asplund

See Findlay & Reis [2020] FCCA 425 for an application to vary a parenting order, which was dismissed in accordance with the principles in Rice & Asplund.

Relocation

Franklyn & Franklyn [2019] FamCAFC 256 where a mother’s unilateral relocation was allowed on appeal, as she was still able to adhere to interim consent orders for the father’s fortnightly contact.

Soulos & Sorbo [2019] FamCAFC 231 where the father’s appeal was allowed to set aside the parenting orders permitting the mother and child to relocate overseas.

Section 75(2) factors – Disparity in financial positions

In Metzer & Metzer [2020] FCCA 119 the wife was unable to establish a 10% likely loss of earnings on the evidence presented. An adjustment of 2% only was made in favour of the wife.

Five factors were listed at [182] that are usually considered when determining residual earning capacity:

  1. physical capacity, including the reasonable restrictions required by reason of injuries;
  2. psychological capacity, taking into account any necessary restrictions, of which there was no evidence in this case;
  3. vocational capacity, for suitable jobs within suitable occupations, including all of her education, training and experience and transferable skills;
  4. labour market, including factors such as the existence of such jobs in the real world labour market which is to be considered, including any barriers to entry and competitiveness including by reason of work history and age; and
  5. earnings, including the likely range of earnings for such available jobs by reference to reliable published labour market statistics or current labour market research information.

101 Family Law Answers is a valuable resource for practitioners. It is available as a related guide and in the reference materials folder in all By Lawyers Family Law publications. It provides more detailed information and relevant cases on the various Family Law matter types – Property Settlement, Children, Financial Agreements and Divorce. It also covers some general procedural issues and the enforcement of orders.

Transfer of real property – Family Law – FED

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Often the resolution of Family Law matters requires a transfer of real property between the parties. Transfers pursuant to the Family Law Act 1975 attract transfer duty exemptions or the payment of only nominal duty. Each state and territory has its own process to effect the transfer of real property in the context of relationship breakdowns.

Information has been added to the 101 Family Law Answers reference manual which helpfully sets out the processes for the transfer of real property due to relationship breakdown. The relevant stamp or transfer duty information for each state or territory is also available in 101 Family Law Answers.

The necessary forms for transferring property between parties are accessible from the Property Settlement matter plan. They are located in the Library of real property transfer and duties forms in the Settling it early or Finalising the matter folders.

The process is the same whether the relationship was a marriage or a de facto relationship.

101 Family Law Answers is available as a related guide in all By Lawyers Family Law publications. It provides more detailed information and relevant cases on the various Family Law matter types – Property Settlement, Children, Financial Agreements and Divorce. It also covers some general procedural issues and the enforcement of orders.

Parenting orders and the Coronavirus – FED

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The Chief Justice of the Family Court has issued a comprehensive and helpful bulletin on parenting orders and the Coronavirus.

A key point in the bulletin is His Honour’s call that:

As a first step, and only if it is safe to do so, parties should communicate with each other about their ability to comply with current orders and they should attempt to find a practical solution to these difficulties. These should be considered sensibly and reasonably. Each parent should always consider the safety and best interests of the child, but also appreciate the concerns of the other parent when attempting to reach new or revised arrangements.

His Honour notes that the Courts remain open to assist parties and to provide parents with general guidance. The Family Court’s general Coronavirus arrangements are available on the Court’s website and are being regularly updated.

The most important point regarding Coronavirus and parenting arrangements is that the best interests of the children remains the paramount consideration: s 60CA Family Law Act 1975.

In accordance with their obligations to act in their children’s best interests, parents and carers are expected to comply with Court orders in relation to parenting arrangements, notwithstanding the ‘highly unusual’ current circumstances. This includes facilitating time being spent by the children with each parent or carer pursuant to parenting orders. This is where sense and reason need to be applied by the parties, and where lawyers can play a critical role.

For more information about parenting orders and the Coronavirus, including what the parties should consider and what the Court will consider when making orders, see the commentary on parenting orders in the By Lawyers Family Law – Children Guide.

 

Keep up-to-date with our latest COVID-19 News & Updates

Family Law guides – FED

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Author review

A full review of the By Lawyers Family Law guides has been conducted to ensure that all content is in line with current law and practice.

This review was conducted by our experienced author Keleigh Robinson, a Family Law Accredited Specialist.

Resulting updates and enhancements to our Family Law guides include:

Children

  • New commentary on Watch list order applications.
  • New tables summarising:
    • Family violence legislation; and
    • Appeals from the Federal Circuit Court and the Family Court.
  • Amendments to the matter plan to cover potential issues, interim and urgent applications in the one section.
  • New example content precedents:
    • Application in a case for substituted service;
    • Affidavit in support of the application in a case for substituted service; and
    • Changing parenting orders by consent.

Property settlement

  • Expanded commentary on Conciliation conferences in the Federal Circuit Court.
  • A new table summarising appeals from the Federal Circuit Court and the Family Court.
  • ‘Going to Court’ sections on the matter plan updated in line with current practice.
  • New example content precedents:
    • Application in a case for substituted service; and
    • Affidavit in support of the application in a case for substituted service.

Financial agreements

  • Expanded commentary on the Court’s power to set aside a financial or termination agreement and Death of a party to a financial agreement.
  • Expanded table comparing financial agreement legislation for marriages and de facto relationships, including de facto relationships in Western Australia.
  • New precedent letters for drafts of the different types of financial agreements.
  • Improved accessibility on the matter plan to real property transfer forms for the different jurisdictions.

Divorce

  • Expanded commentary on:
    • The filing process for same-sex couples;
    • The application and service;
    • Marriage certificates;
    • Separation under the one roof;
    • Reduction of court fees;
    • Substituted service and dispensation of service; and
    • Finalising the divorce.
  • A new table and accompanying notes on property division.
  • A new same sex couples section on the matter plan.
  • Revised service section to reflect current practice.

101 Family Law Answers

  • New cases and commentary on:
    • Urgent and interim spousal maintenance;
    • Interim costs orders;
    • Amending applications, responses and other documents; and
    • Private mediation and lawyer attendance.

Keep up to date with By Lawyers

This review of our Family Law guides is part of By Lawyers commitment to regular updating and enhancement of our publications. With By Lawyers always keeping you up to date you can enjoy practice more.

Setting aside financial agreements – FED

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A recent case on setting aside financial agreements has been added to the By Lawyers 101 Family Law Answers publication.

Section 90K(1) of the Family Law Act 1975 provides for the limited circumstances in which a court will consider setting aside financial agreements entered into by married couples. The equivalent section for de facto couples is s 90UM.

In Frederick & Frederick [2019] FamCAFC 87, the Full Bench of the Family Court set aside a financial agreement on the grounds that there had been a material change in the circumstances relating to the care, welfare and development of a child of the marriage and the applicant would suffer hardship if the agreement were not set aside – s 90K(1)(d).

See 101 Family Law Answers and the By Lawyers Family Law commentary for more information.

Amendments to Family Law Act – FED

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Amendments to the Family Law Act commenced 10 March 2019 relating to family violence and cross-examination of parties.

They will apply to cross-examinations occurring on 10 September 2019 and thereafter, regardless of when proceedings were instituted.

The following sections have been added to the Family Law Act 1975:

  • 102NA Mandatory protections for parties in certain cases; and
  • 102NB Court‑ordered protections in other cases.

Section 102NA provides greater protection for parties in circumstances of family violence where there are self-represented parties.

If a party intends to cross-examine the other party, in certain circumstances, they may not do so personally and cross-examination may only be conducted by a legal representative. Those circumstances are:

  1. there is an allegation of family violence between the examining party and the witness party; and
  2. any of the following are satisfied:
    • either party has been convicted of, or is charged with, an offence involving violence, or a threat of violence, to the other party;
    • a family violence order, other than an interim order, applies to both parties;
    • an injunction under s 68B or s 114 for the personal protection of either party is directed against the other party;
    • the court makes an order that the requirements of legal representation for cross-examination are to apply.

If a party intends to cross-examine the other party personally and there are allegations of family violence, the court must ensure that during the cross-examination there are appropriate protections for the party who is the alleged victim of the family violence.

The By Lawyers Children and Property Settlement commentaries have been updated accordingly.

Changes to Family Court Consent Orders kit and eFiling

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Changes to Family Court Consent Orders Kit and eFiling procedures have now taken effect, arising out of the Civil Law and Justice Legislation Amendment Act 2018. These include:

  • Updated information pages in the Application for Consent Orders Kit;
  • References to ‘husband’ and ‘wife’ replaced with ‘party to a marriage’ and/or ‘party to a de facto relationship’; and
  • Updated sectional references in the Family Law Act for superannuation in the Application for Consent Orders form.

The updated kit and form are now available in the By Lawyers Family Law publications.

eFiling

The Court recommends that practitioners use the ‘unguided’ process for uploading Application for Consent Orders forms. This process was introduced as part of the Digital Court Program and makes it easier to upload forms without having to input information twice. The ‘guided’ eFiling process will only remain available until 31 March 2019.

For more information about eFiling and the ‘unguided’ process see the By Lawyers Family Law guide, or visit the Digital Court Program on the Family Court website.

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