ByLawyers News and Updates

Enforcement – VIC

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The By Lawyers Enforcement (VIC)  guide has been extensively reviewed. It provides practitioners with a wealth of practical information on the options available to recover judgment debts.

Three new precedents have been added to the matter plan and the commentary has been revised and updated.

New precedents

  • Example content – Affidavit in support of application for charging order summons. A judgment or order for the payment of a sum of money may be enforced by obtaining a charging order from the Supreme or County courts. This creates an equitable charge over stocks and shares, or any funds in court in which the judgment debtor has a beneficial interest.
  • Example content – Affidavit in support of application for garnishee summons.
  • Example content – Affidavit in support of application for warrant for seizure or sale or for possession of land.

Commentary enhancements

  • New commentary on stop orders, which prevent funds in court being paid out without notice being given to the person who applied for the order.
  • New commentary on the proper use of bankruptcy procedures, which should not be used for the purpose of putting pressure on a debtor to pay the debt.
  • Enhanced commentary on conduct money, the need for it to be sufficient and outlining some practical considerations.
  • Expanded commentary on post-examination procedures, including examination of the debtor on ‘the material questions’ in the  Supreme or County courts.
  • Further commentary on the instalment order process, including attachment of earnings, and the reluctance of the courts to make orders that will force the debtor into extreme hardship or to live a life of deprivation.
  • Expanded commentary on garnishee orders.
  • Expanded commentary on warrants of seizure and the sale of property – goods and land.
  • Enhanced commentary highlighting the difficulties and reality of enforcing judgment debts and managing client expectations, providing practical guidance on securing the best outcome for the client.

The Enforcement guide review, undertaken by our Victorian litigation author Nawaar Hassan, reflects the commitment of By Lawyers to updating and enhancing our publications.

New personal injury guide – NSW

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By Lawyers are pleased to announce the publication of a new personal injury guide: Personal injury – Acting for the defendant.

With a separate matter plan, commentary and precedents, the new guide is now available along with Personal injury – Acting for the plaintiff.

The new Personal injury – Acting for the defendant guide concentrates on the defence of negligence claims to which the provisions of the Civil Liability Act 2002 apply, while also covering the common law to some extent, with regard to intentional torts. It assists practitioners acting for defendants and insurers, in both un-litigated and litigated personal injury claims.

The commentary discusses all the relevant considerations and necessary steps to investigate and progress claims to resolution. Commentary sections include:

  • Duty of care, including general principles of liability, specific legislative provisions, obvious and inherent risks, mental harm, causation and contributory negligence.
  • Damages, with coverage of economic and non-economic loss, attendant care services and also exemplary, punitive and aggravated damages.
  • Responding to the claim, with guidance and practical tips for dealing with un-litigated claims, gathering factual evidence and obtaining expert opinion.
  • Settling it early, with helpful commentary on preparing for and attending mediations.
  • Going to court, including the procedure for responding to claims in either the District Court or the Supreme Court.

The guide also contains many helpful precedents, including:

  • Letters to various sources gathering information
  • Medical authorities
  • Example content for a mediation position paper for the defendant
  • Offers of compromise
  • Example content for pleadings and other documents
  • Letters to clients finalising the matter after settlement or hearing.

Practitioners using the By Lawyers personal injury publications will also benefit from the By Lawyers litigation publications: District Court – Civil and Supreme Court – Civil – Common Law Division.

Defamation reforms – All states

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The By Lawyers Defamation and protecting reputation guide has been substantially reviewed and updated. This review is related to the current and imminent defamation reforms to the various laws around the country.

Practitioners may be aware of the long-heralded and substantial reforms to the uniform defamation law, following approval at COAG in 2020. As the uniform law is not Commonwealth legislation, but depends on the various state and territory Defamation Acts, implementing the reforms requires each state to pass amendments to its own Act.

So far only some states have passed their legislation, with some including NSW, VIC, QLD, SA and ACT to commence from 1 July 2021. The other states and territories are expected to follow soon. However, the result is that for the first time since 2005 – and for an indeterminate but hopefully brief period – Australia does not have uniform defamation laws. Rather, there are different laws in different states.

The By Lawyers Defamation and protecting reputation publication is being updated on an interim and graduated basis for these amendments. The publication will be finally updated when the defamation reforms become law in all states and territories.

The key aspects of the current amendments are:

  • a new ‘serious harm’ requirement;
  • new defences, including a new ‘public interest’ defence;
  • amendments to the way some damages for reputational harm are capped;
  • new limitation periods taking account of the fact content remains online for years.

There is also a second round of defamation reform currently under consideration. The main focus of these reforms is the liability of social media companies for defamation. Further updates to the By Lawyers Defamation and protecting reputation publication will occur when the proposed reforms are enacted.

As a precursor to these reforms, By Lawyers has been working with our author Peter Breen to revise and streamline our publication. Users will find that the matter plan now provides the usual, practical By Lawyers guidance to conducting a matter, with the relevant commentary, precedents and example content in sequential order. The commentary is adapted from Peter’s book Defamation and protecting reputation which is reproduced in its entirety in the ‘Reference materials’ folder on the matter plan in the By Lawyers guide.

The detail of the current reforms is explained in the publication.

County Court Civil – VIC

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The By Lawyers County Court Civil (VIC) publication has been updated.

This update reflects recent amendments to the Court’s practice notes in the Common Law Division issued by Her Honour Judge Tsalamandris, the Head of the Common Law Division. The links to the practice notes within the Acting for the plaintiff and the Acting for the defendant commentaries have now been updated.

Practice notes provide practitioners with information and direction on the court’s practice and procedures. They particularly explain how matters are conducted in the court’s specialist lists. As all By Lawyers litigation guides emphasise, it is important that practitioners have a sound understanding of the practice notes relevant to any proceedings they propose to commence for a client, or which are already on foot.

The Common Law Division Practice Note applies to all proceedings in the Common Law Division.

In addition, there are practice notes giving instruction on the conduct of cases in specific lists, such as the following which are the subject of the recent updates:

Procedures vary between courts, divisions and specialist lists. Compliance with practice notes is important for timely and efficient case management and will prevent unnecessary applications, save time and avoid the risk of adverse costs orders. The ‘Case management and direction’ sections of the commentaries in all By Lawyers litigation guides provides a valuable resource.

This update to the County Court Civil guides is part of By Lawyers continuing commitment to keeping our content current and helping  our subscribers enjoy practice more.

Costs agreements – All states

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Enhanced automation of Costs agreements for LEAP users

As part of By Lawyers ongoing objective to provide seamless and intuitive entry of information in our precedents, the automation of all Costs agreements has been enhanced.

With the use of the ‘LEAP for Word’ add-in and the creation of new LEAP fields, the By Lawyers Costs agreements precedents now offer LEAP users the following features:

New Questions – LEAP for Word add-in

Intuitive questions for inserting applicable fee scale, fixed fee and initial amount to be held in trust. The questions appear in the LEAP for Word panel:

 

Simply complete the required information and click the ‘Update Document’ button for this information to populate in the correct location:

 

For further information on using the LEAP for Word add-in, see the document ‘Working with By Lawyers precedents’ available in Folder A on all By Lawyers Guides.

Hourly rates – New LEAP fields

When charging professional fees on an hourly rate, the rates for relevant staff members now populates automatically from the ‘Rates’ information completed for each staff member in the ‘Staff Members’ section of your firm setting:

Disbursements – New LEAP fields

The ‘Disbursements’ section now populates from the information completed in the ‘Disbursements’ tab within ‘Firm Details’:

 

Estimate of total professional fees and disbursements – New LEAP fields

The ‘Estimate of total professional fees and disbursements’ section now populates from the information completed in the ‘Accounting’ tab within ‘Matter details’ in each matter:

Please do not hesitate to get in touch if you have any questions: askus@bylawyers.com.au.

Magistrates Court Civil- VIC

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The By Lawyers Magistrates Court Civil – Acting for the Plaintiff litigation commentary has been reviewed by our author.

The resulting consolidation and enhancements include:

  • The commentary on interrogatories has been enhanced including practical insights into the correct form that an interrogatory should take. Examples of defective interrogatories have been added to assist practitioners in drafting interrogatories.
  • The commentary on expert witnesses has been enhanced. The commentary now highlights the crucial point that reliance on an expert report will usually waive privilege over all materials or communications that may have influenced the expert in forming their opinion. This means practitioner communications with an expert witness will likely have to be disclosed to the other party and the court, so drafting communications requires care.

This review of the Magistrates Court Civil – Acting for the Plaintiff litigation commentary is part of By Lawyers continuing commitment to enhancing our content and helping our subscribers enjoy practice more.

Personal Injury Commission – NSW

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Overview

From 1 March 2021 the Personal Injury Commission (PIC) became the ‘one-stop shop’ for dispute resolution for workers compensation and motor accident claims in NSW.

The PIC has two divisions with a single point of entry via an online portal. The PIC takes over from the Workers Compensation Commission, which has been abolished. The PIC also takes over most of the dispute resolution functions from the State Insurance Regulatory Authority (SIRA) regarding motor accident claims.

The idea of the consolidation is to gain efficiencies via a single entity, especially with medical assessments and medical dispute determination. Medical assessors for both workers compensation and motor accidents claims, along with merit reviewers for motor accident matters and mediators for workers compensation matters, are appointed by the President of the PIC and operate under the PIC legislation.

The substantive law does not change.

The By Lawyers Workers Compensation and Motor Accidents publications – both Prior to 1 December 2017 and From 1 December 2017 – have all been be amended.

Legislation

Personal Injury Commission Act 2020;

Personal Injury Commission Regulation 2020; and

Personal Injury Commission Rules 2021.

What the PIC does

The PIC is not a court but is headed by a President, who is a judge of a court of record. The PIC will publish its decisions.

The two divisions, Motor Accidents and Workers Compensation, have a common registry, and common practice and procedure wherever possible.

The PIC replaces the Workers Compensation Commission and determines all disputes under the Workplace Injury Management and Workers Compensation Act 1998 and the Workers Compensation Act 1987.

Disputes in relation to claims under the Motor Accidents Injuries Act 2017 (MAIA) and the Motor Accidents Compensation Act 1999 (MACA) previously managed and resolved by SIRA are now dealt with by the Personal Injury Commission. The PIC also takes over from the Motor Accidents Claims Assessment and Resolution Service (CARS) and the Medical Assessment Service (MAS).

The Act requires the PIC to deal with proceedings justly, quickly, cost-effectively and with as little formality as possible.

The rules of evidence do not apply and proceedings must be as informal as possible, including telephone conferences instead of formal hearings.

What the PIC does not do

Disputed common law damages claims still go to the District or Supreme Court. However, the PIC must mediate the dispute first and/or provide a certificate before proceedings can be commenced.

As it is not a court, the PIC cannot determine matters that involve federal jurisdiction. The PIC Act provides a mechanism to send proceedings that involve federal jurisdiction to the District Court.

The Workers Compensation Independent Review Office (WIRO) is now known as the Independent Review Office (IRO). It continues to manage disputes regarding insurers previously managed by WIRO, with the addition of CTP insurers for motor accident claims. IRO also continues WIRO’s previous responsibility for the funding of workers compensation claims via the existing ILARS grants.

No change to the substantive law

The establishment of the PIC and the transfer to it of dispute resolution functions does not affect the underlying substantive law.

There is no change to the entitlements of injured persons to damages, benefits and entitlements under either workers compensation or motor accidents legislation.

Transitional provisions

Transitional provisions are set out in the Personal Injury Commission Regulation 2020.

For existing matters – that is, claims lodged before the commencement of the PIC on 1 March 2021 – the PIC deals with disputes and medical assessments. However it does so under the previous legislative framework – so the Workers Compensation Commission Rules 2011 and the existing provisions of the motor accidents legislation. That includes appeals, so for any arbitrated decision that was heard before 1 March 2021, but which is appealed after 1 March 2021, the appeal proceeds on the basis of the pre-existing legislation.

By Lawyers keeps you up to date!

All relevant By Lawyers publications have been updated in line with the commencement of the Personal Injury Commission. Commentary and precedents have been amended, replaced or added wherever required in our Workers Compensation, Motor Accidents and District Court publications.

Court books – All states

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Court books are an indexed collection of all documents that the parties rely upon in proceedings, collated for convenience of use during a hearing. They are commonly used in all litigation matters and are compulsory in some courts, especially in specialist lists and on appeal.

A court book ordinarily includes all pleadings and evidence. It generally omits any irrelevant documents, even if they were disclosed in the proceedings. For example, a voluminous bundle of documents may have been produced under a subpoena issued by one of the parties in the lead-up to the hearing, but the party only seeks to rely on a few documents out of the bundle. The court book will contain the subpoena itself plus those relevant documents only.

A properly compiled and indexed court book allows solicitors, counsel and the bench to have a common reference point and easily navigate to relevant documents and issues as the hearing proceeds.

Two new precedents for creating court books have been added to every By Lawyers litigation guide in Australia.

The precedents Court book cover page and Court book index are customised for each court in each jurisdiction. They comply with each court’s requirements and will assist practitioners in compiling court books in all types of litigation.

 

101 Costs Answers – ALL STATES

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101 Costs Answers is the latest addition to the By Lawyers ‘101’ series of helpful reference materials.

Located in the Reference materials folder on every By Lawyers matter plan, this publication contains valuable commentary and precedents on all aspects of legal costs.

The precedents include all of the By Lawyers costs agreements/client services agreements and costs disclosures, drawn together from all By Lawyers publications into a convenient single publication.

The By Lawyers costs agreements are compliant with the strict requirements of the various state laws. They cater for all areas of law, with detailed recitals of the scope of work usually undertaken in each type of matter. This not only defines the retainer but makes it easy for practitioners to produce documents quickly upon engagement.

The 101 Costs Answers commentary includes:

Disclosure requirements

The commentary helps practitioners to navigate some of the more complicated disclosure requirements including regulated costs and the specific obligations for different types of litigation matters. The effect of non-disclosure is also covered.

Disbursements

Commentary on defining and recovering disbursements includes relevant case law and examples. The By Lawyers costs agreements are drafted to clearly identify usual disbursements.

Counsel’s fees

The commentary deals with the contractual relationship between solicitors and barristers as well as disclosure requirements. With the solicitor responsible for payment of counsel’s fees regardless of the solicitor’s agreement with the client, the By Lawyers costs agreements include counsel’s fees as specific disbursements which the client is obliged to pay.

Debt recovery

Where debt recovery is necessary, 101 Costs Answers contains letters of demand and example pleadings to assist with the recovery of costs. There is also detailed commentary on costs assessment procedures and the relevant forms for each state are available on the matter plan.

Like all By Lawyers publications, 101 Costs Answers contains interactive links to relevant legislation and cases, which are always kept updated.

Personal Injury QLD

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The By Lawyers Personal Injury QLD publication has been reviewed, including the addition of a recent Supreme Court case relating to the extension of limitation periods.

Limitation periods are a critical consideration for practitioners advising and representing clients in personal injury claims. Strict limitation and notice periods apply. Extensions are possible under s 59 Personal Injuries Proceedings Act 2002, but good reasons for delay must be shown and the Court does not exercise its discretion to extend limitation periods lightly. Section 59 also applies to any extension of the limitation period that is granted under the Limitation of Actions Act 1974.

The issues relating to such an application were examined recently in Faram v Hensec Pty Limited [2020] QSC 327. The application to extend the limitation period in that case was refused where the applicant had failed to comply with the necessary pre-action procedures.

The By Lawyers Personal Injury QLD commentary deals in detail with limitation periods and pre-action procedures.

This review has also seen the commentary updated and revised for enhanced searchability.

Related By Lawyers guides for Queensland litigation include Motor Vehicle Accidents, Workers Compensation, District Court, Supreme Court and 101 Subpoena Answers.

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